Introduction 

 

Big data = big possibilities

 

A high volume of data is referred to as "big data" on a daily basis, which can be both structured / unstructured, inundates a business. Since the 1990s, the phrase "big data" has been in usage. Big Data has become a necessary component of any organization in order to improve decision-making and obtain a competitive advantage over competitors. Big Data technologies like Apache Spark and Cassandra are in great demand as a result. Companies are searching for experts who know how to use them to get the most out of the data generated within their segments. 

 

History of Big Data

The term "big data" refers to data that is either too huge, too quick, or too complicated to process using standard methods. The practice of acquiring and storing vast volumes of data for analytics has a long history. However, when industry analyst Doug Laney defined big data in the early 2000s, it gained traction. Definition of big data as the three V’s: 

 

Volume: Data is gathered from a multitude of sources, including commercial transactions, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, industrial equipment, movies, social media, and more. Previously, storing information would have been a challenge, but the cost of storage has decreased because of platforms like data lakes and Hadoop. 

 

Velocity: Data floods into organizations at an unprecedented rate as the Internet of Things grows, and it must be handled quickly. The need to cope with these floods of data in near-real-time is being driven by RFID tags, sensors, and smart meters. 

 

Variety: From organized, quantitative data in traditional databases to unstructured text documents, emails, movies, audios, stock ticker data, and financial transactions, data comes in a variety of formats. 

 

WHY BIG DATA CAME INTO FIELD ?  Causes ! :

The digital revolution, which began with the Internet in 1980 and continued with mobile devices, social networking, and cloud computing, altered healthcare work methods. 

Every second, a large amount of digital data is generated.

According to a report, more than 2.5 quintillion bytes of data were generated per day in 2018. The digital world has generated staggering volumes of data by the year 2018. It was the year in which individuals downloaded over 3.1 million terabytes of material via the internet. 

In 2020, each human generated at least 1.7 MB of data per second on average.In the year 2020, we will have generated 2.5 quintillion data bytes every day.By 2025, people will generate 3.463 Exabytes of data each day, a figure that will continue to climb. 

 

It's huge to listen to right now...They are also quite difficult to handle.

We can obtain a lot of knowledge from this data, which may be beneficial to the company...These are some of the most common factors that lead to the need for big data. 

 

Industries affected by big data 

Banking

The banking market for big data analytics is divided into three categories: On-Premise, Cloud, Application (Fraud Detection and Management, Customer Analytics, Social Media Analytics, and Other Applications), and Geography. 

 

Agriculture

Farmers can use big data to get detailed information on rainfall patterns, water cycles, fertilizer requirements, and more. This allows them to make informed judgments about which crops to sow for maximum profit and when to harvest. Farm yields have improved when the appropriate selections are made. 

 

Real estate and property management

In real estate, big data enhances the accuracy of forecasts and analyses.

Real estate experts may use data to discover trends and better forecast when they will recur. 

 

Telco

With the fast proliferation of smartphones and other connected mobile devices, communications service providers (CSPs) must analyze, store, and draw insights from the vast amounts of data flowing through their networks. By optimizing network services/usage, boosting customer experience, and boosting security, big data analytics may assist CSPs in increasing profitability... 

 

Healthcare

By digitizing, merging, and successfully using big data, the healthcare business stands to gain significantly. Healthcare businesses may use big data to generate holistically, tailored, and comprehensive patient profiles and diagnose diseases at an earlier stage, allowing them to be treated more successfully. 

 

Manufacturing 

Industrial manufacturers, such as aerospace and defense companies, automakers, heavy equipment manufacturers, electronics companies, oil and gas companies, and other organizations that produce consumer and capital goods, face numerous promising and differentiating opportunities and challenges as a result of big data. In addition, industrial enterprises can use these large data resources to control costs, optimize resource usage, and manage sustainability initiatives in the face of changing legislation. 

 

Education

The coronavirus has an impact on the entire world. Education is delivered via the internet. The popularity of online courses is skyrocketing.IndividualsStudents use Google eLearning applications to perform their assignments and get them checked online. Schools use video streaming software to conduct courses from afar. A large amount of data is generated. Scientists working with big data will study our habits. The findings will be distributed to colleges and businesses in order to have a greater impact on education. 

 

Government

Big Data gives governments the necessary tools to uncover better and innovative ideas on how to reduce poverty levels across the globe and many.

 

Tools

There are many tools used for big data...Each tool has its priority in the field of bid data.

Some tools are:

 

Hadoop: - A big data framework is the Apache Hadoop software library.

It enables massive data sets to be processed across clusters of computers in a distributed manner. It's one of the most powerful big data technologies, with the ability to grow from a single server to thousands of machines. 

 

Hpcc: - LexisNexis Risk Solution created HPCC, a big data tool.

It provides data processing services on a single platform, architecture, and programming language. 

 

Storm: - Storm is an open-source large data processing system that is free to use. It is one of the most effective big data technologies because it provides a distributed real-time, fault-tolerant processing system with real-time compute capabilities. 

 

Qubole: - Qubole Data is a self-contained big data management system.

It is a self-managing, self-optimizing big data open-source solution that lets the data team focus on business objectives. 

 

Cassandra: - The Apache Cassandra database is extensively used today to manage enormous volumes of data effectively. 

 

Let’s discuss Hadoop:

Expert data scientists understand that Big Data is incomplete without Hadoop. Hadoop is an open-source Big Data analytics technology that provides huge storage for a variety of data types. Hadoop's incredible processing power and ability to perform a wide range of activities means you'll never have to worry about hardware failure. To work with Hadoop, you'll need to know Java. It's designed for clustered file systems and managing large amounts of data. It uses the Map Reduce programming methodology to process big data collections.

Hadoop consists of three components.

1)Storage(HDFS): Hadoop distributed file system. 

2) Map-reduce: map reduce splits data into groups based on the type assign to different nodes. This helps in processing data fast. It also uses split, mapper phase, shuffle and sort, reduce phase. This helps to control load balance.

3) Yarn: it consists of several parts like resource manager, node manager, application manager, containers. Each individual plays a key role in Hadoop.

 

There are also other tools in the Hadoop environment:

HIVE: Apache Hive is a data warehouse software project for data queries and analysis built on top of Apache Hadoop. 

Pig: Pig is a high-level framework for developing Hadoop-based apps. Pig Latin is the name of the platform's language. 

FLUME: Apache Flume is software for rapidly gathering, aggregating, and transporting huge amounts of log data that is distributed, reliable, and available. Its architecture is simple and adaptable, based on streaming data flows. 

SQOOP: Sqoop is a command-line interface for moving data from relational databases to Hadoop. 

 

Data Lake 

Data lakes are next-generation hybrid data management solutions that can help organizations tackle big data difficulties and enable new levels of real-time analytics.

Their highly scalable system can handle massive amounts of data and accepts data in its native format from a variety of sources. They give the basis for machine learning and real-time advanced analytics in a collaborative setting as a complement to your data warehouse.

The rationale for keeping data in a Data Lake does not need to be defined. It is an emerging technology in which data is left unprocessed until it is required. 

 

 

 

About the Author's:

Sujith kumar

Sujith Kumar

Sujith Kumar is a Data Science intern at simple and real Analytics. He is a self-learning data science aspirant. Pursuing  graduation bachelors in computer science and engineering at IIIT-RGUKT.

 

Mohan Rai

Mohan Rai is an Alumni of IIM Bangalore , he has completed his MBA from University of Pune and Bachelor of Science (Statistics) from University of Pune. He is a Certified Data Scientist by EMC. Mohan is a learner and has been enriching his experience throughout his career by exposing himself to several opportunities in the capacity of an Advisor, Consultant and a Business Owner. He has more than 18 years’ experience in the field of Analytics and has worked as an Analytics SME on domains ranging from IT, Banking, Construction, Real Estate, Automobile, Component Manufacturing and Retail. His functional scope covers areas including Training, Research, Sales, Market Research, Sales Planning, and Market Strategy.